-1.jpg&w=3840&q=75)
Guven Medical and Health Sciences
Articles
Cancer screening in the world and in Turkey: colorectal cancer, breast and cervical cancers
Authors: Rukiye Numanoğlu Tekin, Simten Denemeç
Abstract
Cancer is the uncontrollable growth and proliferation of cells that can affect any tissue in the body and is the leading cause of death worldwide. It has been determined that more than 40% of new cancer cases are lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. It has been shown that more than half of cancer-related deaths are caused by lung, breast, stomach, liver and colorectal cancers. In parallel with the increase in cancer cases, expenditures on cancer worldwide are increasing significantly. Cancer causes significant increases in national health expenditures in most developed countries. Screening programs offer important opportunities in the early diagnosis of cancer and the prevention of cancer-related deaths. Since cancer screenings are community-based, the most important criterion for effective results is to run a program that reaches 70% of the target population, but community participation in National Screening Programs developed in Turkey is around 20%-40%. Increasing awareness in society about screening programs and regular screening of individuals at risk will contribute to reducing the burden of cancer.
DOI: 10.62351/gmhs.2024.008
Primary chronic constipation and obstructed (dyssynergic) defecation
Authors: Özgur Harmanci
Abstract
Constipation is a chronic medical condition that greatly impacts socio-economic productivity, quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Medical management of constipation should be performed by a step-wise approach, reducing the costs of medical care and achieving a diagnosis. The choice and performance of the diagnostic modalities should be consulted by a specialist. A team of specialists should diagnose and manage the dyssynergic defecation, including gastroenterologists, rectoanal surgeons, physical therapists, and gynecologists. Since most patients have multiple pathologic conditions simultaneously, these should be handled in an order. This review aims to define, diagnose, and manage dyssynergic defecation.
DOI: 10.62351/gmhs.2024.009
Low back pain
Authors: Nuri Çetin
Abstract
Low back pain is the most common cause of disability in the world. Low back pain can also be seen in adolescence and the prevalence increases with age. The most important risk factors are those related to occupation and heavy physical activities. Low back pain ranks fifth among diseases treated in an inpatient setting and third among diseases requiring surgical treatment. The aim of treatment is to control symptoms and prevent them from becoming chronic. For this reason, at the first encounter with the patient presenting with acute low back pain, a strong patient-physician relationship should be established by reassuring the patient with an adequate and objective approach. Instead of passive treatments, active methods in which the patient participates and takes responsibility for himself should be used.
DOI: 10.62351/gmhs.2024.0010
Medical proficiency exams in Turkey
Authors: Erkut Baha Bulduk
Abstract
Our aim is to provide information about the proficiency exam practices of medical speciality associations in Turkey and to raise awareness about proficiency certification. Data from written and oral proficiency exams organized by medical specialty associations in Turkey were evaluated. Proficiency exams are essential to ensure a certain level of education and standardization in medical specialty education. Compared to America and Europe, participation in the proficiency exam in our country is below expectations. Doctors should be encouraged to participate in qualification exams. Doctors should be supported in obtaining a certificate of competence, which is an indicator of professionalism and lifelong learning.
DOI: 10.62351/gmhs.2024.0011
Brain death
Authors: Emel Uyar, Ayşegül Ceylan
Abstract
Brain death is the complete and irreversible loss of all brain functions, including the brainstem. Prerequisites must be met before diagnosis of brain death. The three findings in brain death are unresponsive deep coma, loss of all brainstem reflexes and apnea.
DOI: 10.62351/gmhs.2024.0012